What is Coding and Decoding?
Coding is a method of transmitting a message between the sender and the receiver that no third person can understand it. The coding and decoding one’s ability of deciphering the rule and breaking the code to decipher the message will be tested to know.
In this chapter we cover 2 section of Coding and Decoding, first is Letter Coding, Number Coding and then Substitution. Now first we are mentioning few points to remember before doing this section.
- Observe alphabets or numbers given in the code keenly.
- Find the sequence it follows whether it is ascending or descending.
- Detect the rule in which the alphabets/numbers/words follow.
- Fill the appropriate letter/number/word in the blank given.
Letter coding: Alphabets in a word are replaced by other alphabets according to a specific rule to know its code. So the common rule should be detected first. Some examples are given below:
- ‘ZYXW’ as coded as ‘ABCD’ then ‘STUV’ is coded as _______
Method: Z – A, Y– B, X – C, W – D
V – E, U – F, T – G, S – H
STUV = HGFE
Answer = HGFE
Rule = Front Alphabet= Back Alphabet. - ‘ bcd’ is coded as ‘def’ then ‘True’ is coded as __________
Method: b – d (+2)
c – e (+2)
d – f (+2) +2 letters are considered in this code. True – Vtwg
Answer = Vtwg. - ‘ Hyderabad ’ is coded as ‘Ixedszcze’ then ‘Chennai’ is coded as..............
Method: H – I (+1)
Y – X (1–)
D – E (1+)
E – D (1-)
R – S (1+)
A – Z (1–)
B – C (1+)
A – Z (1– )
D – E (1+)
Here if we observe alternatively the letter increasing and one letter decreasing.
Chennai =dgfmozj
Answer = dgfmozj
Number coding: In this each alphabets or words are assigned to the numeric values we should observe the given letters and the assigned values and use the same rule to find the value to of given code. Please click for more details
Substitution: In this section an object names are substituted with different object names. We should carefully trace the substitution and answer given question.
1) 'book' is coded as ‘pencil’, ‘pencil’ is coded as ‘mirror’, ‘mirror is coded as ‘book’. Then what is useful to write on a paper?
Answer: Pencil is coded as mirror
Answer = mirror.
2) ‘man is coded as ‘woman’, woman is coded as ‘girl’, ‘girl’ is coded as ‘boy’, ‘boy’ is coded as ‘worker’ then 6 years female is known as?
Answer: 6 years female = girl, but ‘girl’ is coded as ‘boy’.
Answer = boy.
3) ‘Reds’ are ‘blues’, ‘blues’ are ‘whites’, ‘whites’ are ‘yellows’, ‘yellows’ are ‘oranges’, ‘oranges’ are ‘pinks’, then what is the colour of the sky?
Answer: Sky is blue, but blues are whites
Answer = white.
Coding and Decoding Questions from Previous Year Exams
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Logical Reasoning Coding and Decoding
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Question 1 of 34
1. Question
1 pointsIf, in a code, MIND becomes KGLB and ARGUE becomes YPESC, then what will DIAGRAM be in that code?
Correct
Each letter in the word is moved two steps backward to obtain the corresponding letter of the code.
Incorrect
Each letter in the word is moved two steps backward to obtain the corresponding letter of the code.
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Question 2 of 34
2. Question
1 pointsIn a certain code, PRODUCTIONS is written as QQPCVEUHPMT. How is ORIENTATION written in that code?
Correct
The first, third, fifth, seventh, ninth and eleventh letters in the word are each moved one-step forward; the second, fourth, eighth and tenth letters are each moved one step backward, while the middle (i.e. sixth) letter is moved two steps forward to obtain the corresponding letters of the code.
Incorrect
The first, third, fifth, seventh, ninth and eleventh letters in the word are each moved one-step forward; the second, fourth, eighth and tenth letters are each moved one step backward, while the middle (i.e. sixth) letter is moved two steps forward to obtain the corresponding letters of the code.
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Question 3 of 34
3. Question
1 pointsIf SUMMER is coded as RUNNER, the code for WINTER will be
Correct
The first letter of the word is moved one step backward, while the two middle letters are each moved one step forward to obtain the corresponding letters of the code.
Incorrect
The first letter of the word is moved one step backward, while the two middle letters are each moved one step forward to obtain the corresponding letters of the code.
-
Question 4 of 34
4. Question
1 pointsIn a certain code, FAVOUR is written as EBUPTS. How is DANGER written in that code?
Correct
The first, third and fifth letters are each moved one step backward, while second, fourth and sixth letters are each moved one step forward to obtain the corresponding letters of the code.
Incorrect
The first, third and fifth letters are each moved one step backward, while second, fourth and sixth letters are each moved one step forward to obtain the corresponding letters of the code.
-
Question 5 of 34
5. Question
1 pointsIf FISH is written as EHRG in a certain code, how would JUNGLE be written in that code?
Correct
Each letter in the word is moved one step backward to obtain the corresponding letter of the code.
Incorrect
Each letter in the word is moved one step backward to obtain the corresponding letter of the code.
-
Question 6 of 34
6. Question
1 pointsIn a certain code, KAVERI is written as VAKIRE. How is MYSORE written in that code?
Correct
The letters in the first half and second half of the word are written in the reverse order to obtain the code. Thus, we have :
MYSORE → MYS/ORE → SYM/ERO → SYMEROIncorrect
The letters in the first half and second half of the word are written in the reverse order to obtain the code. Thus, we have :
MYSORE → MYS/ORE → SYM/ERO → SYMERO -
Question 7 of 34
7. Question
1 pointsIf ROBUST is coded as QNATRS in a certain language, which word would be coded as ZXCMP?
Correct
Each letter of the word is one step ahead of the corresponding letter of the code.
Incorrect
Each letter of the word is one step ahead of the corresponding letter of the code.
-
Question 8 of 34
8. Question
1 pointsIf in a certain language, GRASP is coded as BMVNK, which word would be coded as CRANE?
Correct
Each letter of the word is five steps ahead of the corresponding letter of the code.
Incorrect
Each letter of the word is five steps ahead of the corresponding letter of the code.
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Question 9 of 34
9. Question
1 pointsIf 'rain' is 'water', 'water' is 'road', 'road' is 'cloud', 'cloud' is 'sky', 'sky' is 'sea' and 'sea' is 'path', where do aero planes fly ?
Correct
The aero planes fly in the "sky" and the 'sky' is called 'sea'.So, the aero planes fly the 'sea'
Incorrect
The aero planes fly in the "sky" and the 'sky' is called 'sea'.So, the aero planes fly the 'sea'
-
Question 10 of 34
10. Question
1 pointsIf 'cushion' is called 'pillow', 'pillow' is called 'mat', 'mat' is called 'bed sheet' and 'bed sheet' is called 'cover', which will be spread on the floor ?
Correct
'mat' will be spread on the floor But 'mat' is called 'bed sheet'.So, a 'bed sheet' will be spread on the floor.
Incorrect
'mat' will be spread on the floor But 'mat' is called 'bed sheet'.So, a 'bed sheet' will be spread on the floor.
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Question 11 of 34
11. Question
1 pointsIf 'sand' is called 'air', 'air' is called 'plateau', 'plateau' is called 'well', 'well' is called 'island' and 'island' is called 'sky', then from where will a woman draw water ?
Correct
A woman shall draw water from a 'well' but a 'well' is called 'island' . So, the woman will draw water from an 'island'.
Incorrect
A woman shall draw water from a 'well' but a 'well' is called 'island' . So, the woman will draw water from an 'island'.
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Question 12 of 34
12. Question
1 pointsIf 'bat' is 'racket', 'racket' is 'football', 'football' is 'shuttle', 'shuttle' is 'ludo' and 'ludo' is 'carom', what is cricket played with ?
Correct
Cricket is played with a 'bat' and 'bat' is called 'racket'. So, cricket is played with 'racket'.
Incorrect
Cricket is played with a 'bat' and 'bat' is called 'racket'. So, cricket is played with 'racket'.
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Question 13 of 34
13. Question
1 pointsIf 'books' is called 'watch', 'watch' is called 'bag', 'bag' is called 'dictionary' and 'dictionary' is called 'window', which is used to carry the books ?
Correct
Clearly. a 'bag' is used to carry the books but a 'bag' is called 'dictionary'. So, a dictionary will be used to carry the books.
Incorrect
Clearly. a 'bag' is used to carry the books but a 'bag' is called 'dictionary'. So, a dictionary will be used to carry the books.
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Question 14 of 34
14. Question
1 pointsIf 'dust' is called 'air', 'air' is called 'fire', 'fire' is called 'water', 'water' is called 'colour', 'colour' is called 'rain', and 'rain' is called 'dust', then where do fish live ?
Correct
Fishes live in 'water' and as given, 'water' is called 'co lour'. so fishes live in 'colour' .
Incorrect
Fishes live in 'water' and as given, 'water' is called 'co lour'. so fishes live in 'colour' .
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Question 15 of 34
15. Question
1 pointsIf 'sky' is 'star', 'star' is 'cloud', 'cloud' is 'earth', 'earth' is 'tree', and 'tree' is 'book', then where do the birds fly ?
Correct
Birds fly in the 'sky' and as given 'sky' is 'star'. So, birds fly in the 'star
Incorrect
Birds fly in the 'sky' and as given 'sky' is 'star'. So, birds fly in the 'star
-
Question 16 of 34
16. Question
1 pointsIf 'orange' is called 'butter', 'butter' is called 'soap', 'soap' is called 'ink', 'ink' is called 'honey' and 'honey' is called 'orange', which of the following is used for washing clothes ?
Correct
Clearly, 'soap' is used for washing the clothes . But a 'soap' is called 'ink'. So, 'ink' is used for washing the clothes.
Incorrect
Clearly, 'soap' is used for washing the clothes . But a 'soap' is called 'ink'. So, 'ink' is used for washing the clothes.
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Question 17 of 34
17. Question
1 pointsIf 'light' is called 'morning', 'morning' is called 'dark', 'dark' is called 'night', 'night' is called 'sunshine', and 'sunshine' is called 'dusk', when do we sleep ?
Correct
We sleep in the 'night'. but 'night' is called 'sunshine'. So, we sleep in the 'sunshine' .
Incorrect
We sleep in the 'night'. but 'night' is called 'sunshine'. So, we sleep in the 'sunshine' .
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Question 18 of 34
18. Question
1 pointsIF E = 5, PEN = 35, then PAGE = ?
Correct
Clearly, putting A = 1, B = 2, C = 3, D = 4, E = 5, ..........M = 13, ...... x = 24, Y = 25, Z = 26, we have :
PEN = P + E + N = 16 + 5 + 14 = 35.
So, PAGE = P + A + G + E = 16 + 1 + 7 + 5 = 29.Incorrect
Clearly, putting A = 1, B = 2, C = 3, D = 4, E = 5, ..........M = 13, ...... x = 24, Y = 25, Z = 26, we have :
PEN = P + E + N = 16 + 5 + 14 = 35.
So, PAGE = P + A + G + E = 16 + 1 + 7 + 5 = 29. -
Question 19 of 34
19. Question
1 pointsIf RED is coded as 6720, then how would GREEN be coded?
Correct
Clearly, the order of letters in the word is reversed and then each letters is replaced by the numeral denoting its position in the English alphabet. Next, 2 is added to each numeral and the numerals so obtained are joined together physically to get the code. Thus, we have :
RED → DER → 4/5/18 → 6/7/20 → 6720.
GREEN → NEERG → 14/5/5/18/7 → 16/7/7/20/9 → 1677209.
Incorrect
Clearly, the order of letters in the word is reversed and then each letters is replaced by the numeral denoting its position in the English alphabet. Next, 2 is added to each numeral and the numerals so obtained are joined together physically to get the code. Thus, we have :
RED → DER → 4/5/18 → 6/7/20 → 6720.
GREEN → NEERG → 14/5/5/18/7 → 16/7/7/20/9 → 1677209.
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Question 20 of 34
20. Question
1 pointsIf REASON is coded as 5 and BELIEVED as 7, then what is the code for GOVERNMENT?
Correct
Clearly, each word is coded by the numeral which is 1 less than the number of letters in the word.
Since, there are 10 letters in the word GOVERNMENT, so required = 10 - 1 = 9.Incorrect
Clearly, each word is coded by the numeral which is 1 less than the number of letters in the word.
Since, there are 10 letters in the word GOVERNMENT, so required = 10 - 1 = 9. -
Question 21 of 34
21. Question
1 pointsIf MACHINE is coded as 19-7-9-14-15-20-11, how will you cide DANGER ?
Correct
Clearly, every letter is assigned a numerical code obtained by adding 6 to the numeral denoting the position of that letter in the English alphabet.
Thus A is coded as (1 + 6) i.e. 7, B as (6 + 2), C as (6 + 3) i.e. 9....M as (13 + 6) i.e. is 19...., Z as (26 + 6) = 32.Since. D,A,N,G,E,R are 4th, 1st, 14th, 7th, 5th and 18th letters in the English alphabet. so thier as respective codes are (4 + 6), (1 + 6), (14 + 6), (7 + 6), (5 + 6), (18 + 6) i.e 10, 7. 20, 13, 11, 24
so, the code for DANGER is 10 - 7 - 20 - 13 - 11 - 24.
Incorrect
Clearly, every letter is assigned a numerical code obtained by adding 6 to the numeral denoting the position of that letter in the English alphabet.
Thus A is coded as (1 + 6) i.e. 7, B as (6 + 2), C as (6 + 3) i.e. 9....M as (13 + 6) i.e. is 19...., Z as (26 + 6) = 32.Since. D,A,N,G,E,R are 4th, 1st, 14th, 7th, 5th and 18th letters in the English alphabet. so thier as respective codes are (4 + 6), (1 + 6), (14 + 6), (7 + 6), (5 + 6), (18 + 6) i.e 10, 7. 20, 13, 11, 24
so, the code for DANGER is 10 - 7 - 20 - 13 - 11 - 24.
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Question 22 of 34
22. Question
1 pointsIf REQUEST written as S2R52TU, then, how will ACID be written ?
Correct
Clearly, vowels A, E, I, O, U are coded as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 respectively. Each of the consonants in the word is moved one step forward to give the corresponding letter of the code. So, the code for ACID becomes 1D3E.
Incorrect
Clearly, vowels A, E, I, O, U are coded as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 respectively. Each of the consonants in the word is moved one step forward to give the corresponding letter of the code. So, the code for ACID becomes 1D3E.
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Question 23 of 34
23. Question
1 pointsIn a certain code, ‘786’ means ‘study very hard’, ‘958’ means ‘hard work pays’ and ‘645’ means ‘study and work’. Which of the following is the code for ‘very’?(s.b.i p.o 1994)
Correct
In the first and second statements, the common word is ‘hard’ and the common code digit ’8’. So, ‘8’ means ‘hard’. In the first and third statements, the common word is ‘study’ and the common code digit is ‘6’. So, ’6’ means ‘study’. Thus, in the first statement ‘7’ means ‘very’.
Incorrect
In the first and second statements, the common word is ‘hard’ and the common code digit ’8’. So, ‘8’ means ‘hard’. In the first and third statements, the common word is ‘study’ and the common code digit is ‘6’. So, ’6’ means ‘study’. Thus, in the first statement ‘7’ means ‘very’.
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Question 24 of 34
24. Question
1 pointsIn a code ,CORNER is written as GSVRI .how can CENTRAL be written in that code?(bank p.o 2000)
Correct
each letter of the word moved four steps forward to obtain the code.
Incorrect
each letter of the word moved four steps forward to obtain the code.
-
Question 25 of 34
25. Question
1 pointsIf DELHI is coded as CCIDD ,how would you encode BOMBAY? (M.B.A.1997)
Correct
.the first, second, third,_____ Letters of the word are respectively moved one, two,
three,_____steps to backward to obtain the corresponding letters of the code.
Incorrect
.the first, second, third,_____ Letters of the word are respectively moved one, two,
three,_____steps to backward to obtain the corresponding letters of the code.
-
Question 26 of 34
26. Question
1 pointsIn a certain code, TRIPPLE is written as SQHOOKD. How is DISPOSE written in that code? (Central Excise, 1995)
Correct
Each letter in the word is moved one step backward to obtain the corresponding letter of the code.
Incorrect
Each letter in the word is moved one step backward to obtain the corresponding letter of the code.
-
Question 27 of 34
27. Question
1 pointsIn a code ,CORNER is written as GSVRI .how can CENTRAL be written in that code? (C.B.I. 1994)
Correct
each letter of the word moved four steps forward to obtain the code.
Incorrect
each letter of the word moved four steps forward to obtain the code.
-
Question 28 of 34
28. Question
1 pointsIf in a certain language,TRIANGLE is coded as SQHZMFKD,which word would be coded as DWZLOKD?(BANK P.O1990)
Correct
each letter of the word is one step ahead of the corresponding letter of the code.
Incorrect
each letter of the word is one step ahead of the corresponding letter of the code.
-
Question 29 of 34
29. Question
1 pointsIf DELHI is coded as 73541 and CALCUTTA as 82589662, how can CALICUT be coded? (Assistant Grade, 1995)
Correct
The alphabets are coded as follows :
D E L H I C A U T
7 3 5 4 1 8 2 9 6
So, in CALICUT, C is coded as 8, A as 2, L as 5,I as 1, U as 9 and T as 6. Thus,
the code for CALICUT is 8251896.
Incorrect
The alphabets are coded as follows :
D E L H I C A U T
7 3 5 4 1 8 2 9 6
So, in CALICUT, C is coded as 8, A as 2, L as 5,I as 1, U as 9 and T as 6. Thus,
the code for CALICUT is 8251896.
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Question 30 of 34
30. Question
1 pointsIn a certain code, RIPPLE is written as 613382 and LIFE is written as 8192.How is PILLER written in that code? (Railways, 1998)
Correct
The alphabets are coded as shown:
R I P L E F
6 1 3 8 2 9
So, in PILLER, P is coded as 3, I as 1, L as 8, E as 2 and R as 6. Thus, the code for PILLER is 318826.
Incorrect
The alphabets are coded as shown:
R I P L E F
6 1 3 8 2 9
So, in PILLER, P is coded as 3, I as 1, L as 8, E as 2 and R as 6. Thus, the code for PILLER is 318826.
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Question 31 of 34
31. Question
1 pointsIn a certain code language 24685 is written as 33776.how is 35791 written in that code?(P.O. EXAM,1989)
Correct
(CLERLY ,in the code letters at odd places are one place ahead and those at even piaces are one place before the corresponding letter in the word.
Incorrect
(CLERLY ,in the code letters at odd places are one place ahead and those at even piaces are one place before the corresponding letter in the word.
-
Question 32 of 34
32. Question
1 pointsIn a certain code language 35796 is written as 44887.how is 46823 written in that code? (P.O.EXAM 1991)
Correct
the same pattern as in above question is followed i.e. 4 will be written as 5,6as 5,8as 9,2 as 1 and 3 as 4.so,the code becomes 55914.
Incorrect
the same pattern as in above question is followed i.e. 4 will be written as 5,6as 5,8as 9,2 as 1 and 3 as 4.so,the code becomes 55914.
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Question 33 of 34
33. Question
1 pointsIf PALAM could be given the code number 43, what code number can be given to SANTACRUZ ? (Assistant Grade, 1995).
Correct
In the given code, A=1, B=2, C=3,...............,Z = 26 So, PALAM=16+1+12+1+13=43 Similarly, SANTACRUZ=19+1+14+20+1+3+18+21+26=123.
Incorrect
In the given code, A=1, B=2, C=3,...............,Z = 26 So, PALAM=16+1+12+1+13=43 Similarly, SANTACRUZ=19+1+14+20+1+3+18+21+26=123.
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Question 34 of 34
34. Question
1 pointsFIND THE MISSING LETTERS IN THE FOLLOWING SERIES.
6.A,C,E,G___________ [Bank P.O 1992]
Correct
Incorrect
Coding and Decoding Video Lecture
Very helpful question exam purpose ☺️
Risesning compressive
Sun=15, moon=31, star=?