A. In the following    passage there are blank, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words/phrases are suggested, one of which fits the , blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word/phrase in each case.

The chasm between India's flourishing cities and bleak rural hinterland is narrowing. Spread across 650000 villages, with an average population of 1100, rural villagers were long (A) by city dwellers as primitive, impoverished and irrelevant, something to drive past on the way to something else. That is no longer the (B). A new prosperity is (C) in rural India, with tens of millions entering the pressure-cooker and television-owning class and tens of thousands becoming sippers of Scotch, (D) of premium tractors and drivers of multiple sedans. The opening of this new frontier of consumer demand from 700 million people could tip India's role in the global economy from seller to buyer, from a vendor of outsourced skills to a source of consumers for the world's (E). Multinational corporations, appear increasingly (F) to understand Indian villagers' Rural dwellers are now nearly twice as likely to be crorepatis as city dwellers in Bangalore, the high-technology hub, according to the National Council for Applied Economic Research' It may be a trickle, but India's urban prosperity is flowing to the countryside and well-to-do villages are early testing grounds of (G) the benefits of India's economic makeover and opening to the world will flow to its villagers, many of them living in its poorest rural nooks. The (H) of such villages will also add fuel to the debate over democracy's influence on economic development. India has been faulted for growing more lethargically than China, in part because of its democracy. But the new rural prosperity (I) that the high cost of democracy also has a hidden benefit, By compelling each politician to (J) results to his own narrow constituency, democracy spreads economic change more thinly. But that in turn broadens the consensus in favour of change, perhaps making liberalzation more sustainable in India than in China.

B. In the following    passage there are blank, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words/phrases are suggested, one of which fits the , blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word/phrase in each case.

The chasm between India's flourishing cities and bleak rural hinterland is narrowing. Spread across 650000 villages, with an average population of 1100, rural villagers were long (A) by city dwellers as primitive, impoverished and irrelevant, something to drive past on the way to something else. That is no longer the (B). A new prosperity is (C) in rural India, with tens of millions entering the pressure-cooker and television-owning class and tens of thousands becoming sippers of Scotch, (D) of premium tractors and drivers of multiple sedans. The opening of this new frontier of consumer demand from 700 million people could tip India's role in the global economy from seller to buyer, from a vendor of outsourced skills to a source of consumers for the world's (E). Multinational corporations, appear increasingly (F) to understand Indian villagers' Rural dwellers are now nearly twice as likely to be crorepatis as city dwellers in Bangalore, the high-technology hub, according to the National Council for Applied Economic Research' It may be a trickle, but India's urban prosperity is flowing to the countryside and well-to-do villages are early testing grounds of (G) the benefits of India's economic makeover and opening to the world will flow to its villagers, many of them living in its poorest rural nooks. The (H) of such villages will also add fuel to the debate over democracy's influence on economic development. India has been faulted for growing more lethargically than China, in part because of its democracy. But the new rural prosperity (I) that the high cost of democracy also has a hidden benefit, By compelling each politician to (J) results to his own narrow constituency, democracy spreads economic change more thinly. But that in turn broadens the consensus in favour of change, perhaps making liberalzation more sustainable in India than in China.

C. In the following    passage there are blank, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words/phrases are suggested, one of which fits the , blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word/phrase in each case.

The chasm between India's flourishing cities and bleak rural hinterland is narrowing. Spread across 650000 villages, with an average population of 1100, rural villagers were long (A) by city dwellers as primitive, impoverished and irrelevant, something to drive past on the way to something else. That is no longer the (B). A new prosperity is (C) in rural India, with tens of millions entering the pressure-cooker and television-owning class and tens of thousands becoming sippers of Scotch, (D) of premium tractors and drivers of multiple sedans. The opening of this new frontier of consumer demand from 700 million people could tip India's role in the global economy from seller to buyer, from a vendor of outsourced skills to a source of consumers for the world's (E). Multinational corporations, appear increasingly (F) to understand Indian villagers' Rural dwellers are now nearly twice as likely to be crorepatis as city dwellers in Bangalore, the high-technology hub, according to the National Council for Applied Economic Research' It may be a trickle, but India's urban prosperity is flowing to the countryside and well-to-do villages are early testing grounds of (G) the benefits of India's economic makeover and opening to the world will flow to its villagers, many of them living in its poorest rural nooks. The (H) of such villages will also add fuel to the debate over democracy's influence on economic development. India has been faulted for growing more lethargically than China, in part because of its democracy. But the new rural prosperity (I) that the high cost of democracy also has a hidden benefit, By compelling each politician to (J) results to his own narrow constituency, democracy spreads economic change more thinly. But that in turn broadens the consensus in favour of change, perhaps making liberalzation more sustainable in India than in China.

D.In the following    passage there are blank, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words/phrases are suggested, one of which fits the , blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word/phrase in each case.

The chasm between India's flourishing cities and bleak rural hinterland is narrowing. Spread across 650000 villages, with an average population of 1100, rural villagers were long (A) by city dwellers as primitive, impoverished and irrelevant, something to drive past on the way to something else. That is no longer the (B). A new prosperity is (C) in rural India, with tens of millions entering the pressure-cooker and television-owning class and tens of thousands becoming sippers of Scotch, (D) of premium tractors and drivers of multiple sedans. The opening of this new frontier of consumer demand from 700 million people could tip India's role in the global economy from seller to buyer, from a vendor of outsourced skills to a source of consumers for the world's (E). Multinational corporations, appear increasingly (F) to understand Indian villagers' Rural dwellers are now nearly twice as likely to be crorepatis as city dwellers in Bangalore, the high-technology hub, according to the National Council for Applied Economic Research' It may be a trickle, but India's urban prosperity is flowing to the countryside and well-to-do villages are early testing grounds of (G) the benefits of India's economic makeover and opening to the world will flow to its villagers, many of them living in its poorest rural nooks. The (H) of such villages will also add fuel to the debate over democracy's influence on economic development. India has been faulted for growing more lethargically than China, in part because of its democracy. But the new rural prosperity (I) that the high cost of democracy also has a hidden benefit, By compelling each politician to (J) results to his own narrow constituency, democracy spreads economic change more thinly. But that in turn broadens the consensus in favour of change, perhaps making liberalzation more sustainable in India than in China.

E. In the following    passage there are blank, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words/phrases are suggested, one of which fits the , blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word/phrase in each case.

The chasm between India's flourishing cities and bleak rural hinterland is narrowing. Spread across 650000 villages, with an average population of 1100, rural villagers were long (A) by city dwellers as primitive, impoverished and irrelevant, something to drive past on the way to something else. That is no longer the (B). A new prosperity is (C) in rural India, with tens of millions entering the pressure-cooker and television-owning class and tens of thousands becoming sippers of Scotch, (D) of premium tractors and drivers of multiple sedans. The opening of this new frontier of consumer demand from 700 million people could tip India's role in the global economy from seller to buyer, from a vendor of outsourced skills to a source of consumers for the world's (E). Multinational corporations, appear increasingly (F) to understand Indian villagers' Rural dwellers are now nearly twice as likely to be crorepatis as city dwellers in Bangalore, the high-technology hub, according to the National Council for Applied Economic Research' It may be a trickle, but India's urban prosperity is flowing to the countryside and well-to-do villages are early testing grounds of (G) the benefits of India's economic makeover and opening to the world will flow to its villagers, many of them living in its poorest rural nooks. The (H) of such villages will also add fuel to the debate over democracy's influence on economic development. India has been faulted for growing more lethargically than China, in part because of its democracy. But the new rural prosperity (I) that the high cost of democracy also has a hidden benefit, By compelling each politician to (J) results to his own narrow constituency, democracy spreads economic change more thinly. But that in turn broadens the consensus in favour of change, perhaps making liberalzation more sustainable in India than in China.

F. In the following    passage there are blank, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words/phrases are suggested, one of which fits the , blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word/phrase in each case.

The chasm between India's flourishing cities and bleak rural hinterland is narrowing. Spread across 650000 villages, with an average population of 1100, rural villagers were long (A) by city dwellers as primitive, impoverished and irrelevant, something to drive past on the way to something else. That is no longer the (B). A new prosperity is (C) in rural India, with tens of millions entering the pressure-cooker and television-owning class and tens of thousands becoming sippers of Scotch, (D) of premium tractors and drivers of multiple sedans. The opening of this new frontier of consumer demand from 700 million people could tip India's role in the global economy from seller to buyer, from a vendor of outsourced skills to a source of consumers for the world's (E). Multinational corporations, appear increasingly (F) to understand Indian villagers' Rural dwellers are now nearly twice as likely to be crorepatis as city dwellers in Bangalore, the high-technology hub, according to the National Council for Applied Economic Research' It may be a trickle, but India's urban prosperity is flowing to the countryside and well-to-do villages are early testing grounds of (G) the benefits of India's economic makeover and opening to the world will flow to its villagers, many of them living in its poorest rural nooks. The (H) of such villages will also add fuel to the debate over democracy's influence on economic development. India has been faulted for growing more lethargically than China, in part because of its democracy. But the new rural prosperity (I) that the high cost of democracy also has a hidden benefit, By compelling each politician to (J) results to his own narrow constituency, democracy spreads economic change more thinly. But that in turn broadens the consensus in favour of change, perhaps making liberalzation more sustainable in India than in China.

G. In the following    passage there are blank, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words/phrases are suggested, one of which fits the , blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word/phrase in each case.

The chasm between India's flourishing cities and bleak rural hinterland is narrowing. Spread across 650000 villages, with an average population of 1100, rural villagers were long (A) by city dwellers as primitive, impoverished and irrelevant, something to drive past on the way to something else. That is no longer the (B). A new prosperity is (C) in rural India, with tens of millions entering the pressure-cooker and television-owning class and tens of thousands becoming sippers of Scotch, (D) of premium tractors and drivers of multiple sedans. The opening of this new frontier of consumer demand from 700 million people could tip India's role in the global economy from seller to buyer, from a vendor of outsourced skills to a source of consumers for the world's (E). Multinational corporations, appear increasingly (F) to understand Indian villagers' Rural dwellers are now nearly twice as likely to be crorepatis as city dwellers in Bangalore, the high-technology hub, according to the National Council for Applied Economic Research' It may be a trickle, but India's urban prosperity is flowing to the countryside and well-to-do villages are early testing grounds of (G) the benefits of India's economic makeover and opening to the world will flow to its villagers, many of them living in its poorest rural nooks. The (H) of such villages will also add fuel to the debate over democracy's influence on economic development. India has been faulted for growing more lethargically than China, in part because of its democracy. But the new rural prosperity (I) that the high cost of democracy also has a hidden benefit, By compelling each politician to (J) results to his own narrow constituency, democracy spreads economic change more thinly. But that in turn broadens the consensus in favour of change, perhaps making liberalzation more sustainable in India than in China.

H.  In the following    passage there are blank, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words/phrases are suggested, one of which fits the , blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word/phrase in each case.

The chasm between India's flourishing cities and bleak rural hinterland is narrowing. Spread across 650000 villages, with an average population of 1100, rural villagers were long (A) by city dwellers as primitive, impoverished and irrelevant, something to drive past on the way to something else. That is no longer the (B). A new prosperity is (C) in rural India, with tens of millions entering the pressure-cooker and television-owning class and tens of thousands becoming sippers of Scotch, (D) of premium tractors and drivers of multiple sedans. The opening of this new frontier of consumer demand from 700 million people could tip India's role in the global economy from seller to buyer, from a vendor of outsourced skills to a source of consumers for the world's (E). Multinational corporations, appear increasingly (F) to understand Indian villagers' Rural dwellers are now nearly twice as likely to be crorepatis as city dwellers in Bangalore, the high-technology hub, according to the National Council for Applied Economic Research' It may be a trickle, but India's urban prosperity is flowing to the countryside and well-to-do villages are early testing grounds of (G) the benefits of India's economic makeover and opening to the world will flow to its villagers, many of them living in its poorest rural nooks. The (H) of such villages will also add fuel to the debate over democracy's influence on economic development. India has been faulted for growing more lethargically than China, in part because of its democracy. But the new rural prosperity (I) that the high cost of democracy also has a hidden benefit, By compelling each politician to (J) results to his own narrow constituency, democracy spreads economic change more thinly. But that in turn broadens the consensus in favour of change, perhaps making liberalzation more sustainable in India than in China.

I. In the following    passage there are blank, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words/phrases are suggested, one of which fits the , blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word/phrase in each case.

The chasm between India's flourishing cities and bleak rural hinterland is narrowing. Spread across 650000 villages, with an average population of 1100, rural villagers were long (A) by city dwellers as primitive, impoverished and irrelevant, something to drive past on the way to something else. That is no longer the (B). A new prosperity is (C) in rural India, with tens of millions entering the pressure-cooker and television-owning class and tens of thousands becoming sippers of Scotch, (D) of premium tractors and drivers of multiple sedans. The opening of this new frontier of consumer demand from 700 million people could tip India's role in the global economy from seller to buyer, from a vendor of outsourced skills to a source of consumers for the world's (E). Multinational corporations, appear increasingly (F) to understand Indian villagers' Rural dwellers are now nearly twice as likely to be crorepatis as city dwellers in Bangalore, the high-technology hub, according to the National Council for Applied Economic Research' It may be a trickle, but India's urban prosperity is flowing to the countryside and well-to-do villages are early testing grounds of (G) the benefits of India's economic makeover and opening to the world will flow to its villagers, many of them living in its poorest rural nooks. The (H) of such villages will also add fuel to the debate over democracy's influence on economic development. India has been faulted for growing more lethargically than China, in part because of its democracy. But the new rural prosperity (I) that the high cost of democracy also has a hidden benefit, By compelling each politician to (J) results to his own narrow constituency, democracy spreads economic change more thinly. But that in turn broadens the consensus in favour of change, perhaps making liberalzation more sustainable in India than in China.

J. In the following    passage there are blank, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words/phrases are suggested, one of which fits the , blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word/phrase in each case.

The chasm between India's flourishing cities and bleak rural hinterland is narrowing. Spread across 650000 villages, with an average population of 1100, rural villagers were long (A) by city dwellers as primitive, impoverished and irrelevant, something to drive past on the way to something else. That is no longer the (B). A new prosperity is (C) in rural India, with tens of millions entering the pressure-cooker and television-owning class and tens of thousands becoming sippers of Scotch, (D) of premium tractors and drivers of multiple sedans. The opening of this new frontier of consumer demand from 700 million people could tip India's role in the global economy from seller to buyer, from a vendor of outsourced skills to a source of consumers for the world's (E). Multinational corporations, appear increasingly (F) to understand Indian villagers' Rural dwellers are now nearly twice as likely to be crorepatis as city dwellers in Bangalore, the high-technology hub, according to the National Council for Applied Economic Research' It may be a trickle, but India's urban prosperity is flowing to the countryside and well-to-do villages are early testing grounds of (G) the benefits of India's economic makeover and opening to the world will flow to its villagers, many of them living in its poorest rural nooks. The (H) of such villages will also add fuel to the debate over democracy's influence on economic development. India has been faulted for growing more lethargically than China, in part because of its democracy. But the new rural prosperity (I) that the high cost of democracy also has a hidden benefit, By compelling each politician to (J) results to his own narrow constituency, democracy spreads economic change more thinly. But that in turn broadens the consensus in favour of change, perhaps making liberalzation more sustainable in India than in China.

Which of the phrases (1), (2), (3) and (4) given below each sentence should replace the word/phrase printed in bold in the sentence to make it grammatically connect? If the sentence is correct as it is given and no correction is required, mark (5) as the  answer.

NABARD has the responsibility of  lay down the policies for the RRBs, to oversee their operations, provide refinance facilities, to monitor their performance and to attend their problems.

Which of the phrases (1), (2), (3) and (4) given below each sentence should replace the word/phrase printed in bold in the sentence to make it grammatically connect? If the sentence is correct as it is given and no correction is required, mark (5) as the  answer.

Groundwater and surface water are traditionally concerned of rural communities, as those communities are almost exclusively served by well water.

Which of the phrases (1), (2), (3) and (4) given below each sentence should replace the word/phrase printed in bold in the sentence to make it grammatically connect? If the sentence is correct as it is given and no correction is required, mark (5) as the  answer.

The very publicised mid day meal scheme meant to reduce dropout rates in schools seems to be not yielding the desired results.

Which of the phrases (1), (2), (3) and (4) given below each sentence should replace the  word/phrase printed in bold in the sentence to make it grammatically connect? If the sentence is correct as it is given and no correction is required, mark (5) as the answer

Not like the urban schools and colleges, the schools in rural areas do not encourage the children to excel in extracurricular activities

Which of the phrases (1), (2), (3) and (4) given below each sentence should replace the  word/phrase printed in bold in the sentence to make it grammatically connect? If the sentence is correct as it is given and no correction is required, mark (5) as the answer

The government said that the iron levels in groundwater were higher than that prescribe in 254 districts.

Rearrange the following five sentences (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E) in the proper sequence  to form a meaningful paragraph; then answer the  questions given below them.

(A) Therefore, it is important to source a large part of economic growth in agriculture, in rural non-agricultural activities and in productive expansion of the informal sector which all have high employment elasticities, as well as in an export strategy based on labour intensive exports.

(B) It is important because it creates more resources and has the potential of creating more space for the involvement of the poor.

(C) If the growth is sourced upon those sectors of the economy or those activities that have a natural  tendency to involve the poor in their expansion, such growth helps poverty eradication.

(D) Economic growth is important.

(E) But this involvement depends on the sources of growth and the nature of growth.

Which of the following should be the FIRST sentence after rearrangement?

Rearrange the following five sentences (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E) in the proper sequence  to form a meaningful paragraph; then answer the  questions given below them.

(A) Therefore, it is important to source a large part of economic growth in agriculture, in rural non-agricultural activities and in productive expansion of the informal sector which all have high employment elasticities, as well as in an export strategy based on labour intensive exports.

(B) It is important because it creates more resources and has the potential of creating more space for the involvement of the poor.

(C) If the growth is sourced upon those sectors of the economy or those activities that have a natural  tendency to involve the poor in their expansion, such growth helps poverty eradication.

(D) Economic growth is important.

(E) But this involvement depends on the sources of growth and the nature of growth.

Which of the following should be the SECOND sentence after rearrangement?

Rearrange the following five sentences (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E) in the proper sequence  to form a meaningful paragraph; then answer the  questions given below them.

(A) Therefore, it is important to source a large part of economic growth in agriculture, in rural non-agricultural activities and in productive expansion of the informal sector which all have high employment elasticities, as well as in an export strategy based on labour intensive exports.

(B) It is important because it creates more resources and has the potential of creating more space for the involvement of the poor.

(C) If the growth is sourced upon those sectors of the economy or those activities that have a natural  tendency to involve the poor in their expansion, such growth helps poverty eradication.

(D) Economic growth is important.

(E) But this involvement depends on the sources of growth and the nature of growth.

Which of the following should be THIRD after rearrangement?

Rearrange the following five sentences (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E) in the proper sequence  to form a meaningful paragraph; then answer the  questions given below them.

(A) Therefore, it is important to source a large part of economic growth in agriculture, in rural non-agricultural activities and in productive expansion of the informal sector which all have high employment elasticities, as well as in an export strategy based on labour intensive exports.

(B) It is important because it creates more resources and has the potential of creating more space for the involvement of the poor.

(C) If the growth is sourced upon those sectors of the economy or those activities that have a natural  tendency to involve the poor in their expansion, such growth helps poverty eradication.

(D) Economic growth is important.

(E) But this involvement depends on the sources of growth and the nature of growth.

Which of the following should be the FOURTH sentence after rearrangement?

Rearrange the following five sentences (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E) in the proper sequence  to form a meaningful paragraph; then answer the  questions given below them.

(A) Therefore, it is important to source a large part of economic growth in agriculture, in rural non-agricultural activities and in productive expansion of the informal sector which all have high employment elasticities, as well as in an export strategy based on labour intensive exports.

(B) It is important because it creates more resources and has the potential of creating more space for the involvement of the poor.

(C) If the growth is sourced upon those sectors of the economy or those activities that have a natural  tendency to involve the poor in their expansion, such growth helps poverty eradication.

(D) Economic growth is important.

(E) But this involvement depends on the sources of growth and the nature of growth.

Which of the following should be the FIFTH sentence after rearrangement?

Each question below has two  blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Choose the set of words for each blank which best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.

A model-based approach has been _ to identify the , factors that are _ for the problems faced by the rural areas.

Each question below has two  blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Choose the set of words for each blank which best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.

Farm living is dependent on _ environmental conditions, and in times of drought, flood or pestilence, survival becomes extremely_ .

Each question below has two  blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Choose the set of words for each blank which best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.

It is also a _ of industrialization that farms become more mechanized, putting many labourers out of_ .

Each question below has two  blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Choose the set of words for each blank which best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.

Since their inception, Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) have taken _ roots and have become a sort of_ part of the rural credit structure in India.

Each question below has two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Choose the set of words for each blank which best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.

Any new proposal in the education sector should _ the chances for the rural poor to have a _ education at par with their urban counter parts in their villages themselves.

Read each sentence to find out  whether there is any grammatical error or idiomatic error in it. The error if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The number of that part is the answer. If there is no error, the answer is "5" . (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any).

Inception of regional rural banks can be /(1) seen as a unique experiment as well as /(2) an experience in improvement the efficacy of /(3) rural credit delivery mechanism in India. /(4) No error (5)

Read each sentence to find out  whether there is any grammatical error or idiomatic error in it. The error if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The number of that part is the answer. If there is no error, the answer is "5" . (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any).

In rural areas, often /(1) on small family farms,it is /(2) difficulty to improve one's standard of /(3) living beyond basic sustenance. /(4) No error (5)

Read each sentence to find out  whether there is any grammatical error or idiomatic error in it. The error if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The number of that part is the answer. If there is no error, the answer is "5" . (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any).

People, especially the elderly, /(1) are often forced to move to cities /(2) where there are hospitals that can /(3) cater for their health needs. /(4) No error (5)

Read each sentence to find out  whether there is any grammatical error or idiomatic error in it. The error if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The number of that part is the answer. If there is no error, the answer is "5" . (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any).

In modern times industrialization of agriculture /(1) has negative affected the economy /(2) of small and middle-sized farms and has strongly /(3) reduced the size of the rural labour market. /(4) No error (5)

Read each sentence to find out  whether there is any grammatical error or idiomatic error in it. The error if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The number of that part is the answer. If there is no error, the answer is "5" . (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any).

A national survey of rural health care providers /(1) was undertaken to identify /(2) their perceptions of the /(3) environmental health issues faced their constituents. /(4)

No error (5)

Read each sentence to find out  whether there is any grammatical error or idiomatic error in it. The error if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The number of that part is the answer. If there is no error, the answer is "5" . (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any).

In this globalized era, which /(1) many rich and fortunate urban children are /(2) becoming technologically savvy, their rural counter parts /(3) do not know much even about computers. /(4) No error (5)

Read each sentence to find out  whether there is any grammatical error or idiomatic error in it. The error if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The number of that part is the answer. If there is no error, the answer is "5" . (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any).

A strong bond of friendship among /(1) school administrative staff and teacher's are /(2) responsible for the negligence of /(3) many aspects of education. /(4) No error (5)

Read each sentence to find out  whether there is any grammatical error or idiomatic error in it. The error if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The number of that part is the answer. If there is no error, the answer is "5" . (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any).

The Minister saying that the States /(1) had been requested to accord priority to /(2) water-quality affected habitations and to ensure that /(3) funds provided by the federal government were utilized. /(4) No error (5)

Read each sentence to find out  whether there is any grammatical error or idiomatic error in it. The error if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The number of that part is the answer. If there is no error, the answer is "5" . (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any).

Many of /(1) the households in the urban areas /(2) are blessed with /(3) technological advancement. /(4) No error (5)

Read each sentence to find out  whether there is any grammatical error or idiomatic error in it. The error if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The number of that part is the answer. If there is no error, the answer is "5" . (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any).

While ground water is not the only sources of /(1 ) drinking water that the government utilizes, it is one of the /(2) key supplies and the dependence on /(3) ground water has
been increasing over the years. /(4) No error (5)

(A-O) Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it, Certain  words/phrases have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the question.

India, like Britain, is also a nation of shopkeepers. With over 12 million retail outlets, India has one of the highest densities of retail outlets in the world with one retail outlet for around 90 persons. Retailers inspired by the Walmart story of growth in small town America are tempted to focus on smaller towns and villages in India. However, a careful analysis of the town strata-wise population, population growth, migration trends and consumer spend analysis reveals a very different picture for India.

After a long spell of shortages, which shackled consumer buying for decades, retail is becoming India's new mantra. While the retailing industry itself has been presented through history in our country, it is only the recent past that has witnessed so much dynamism.

This is a time when the demography of our population is changing significantly to drive organized retail growth. India now has a large young working population with a median age of 24. The number of nuclear families in urban areas is growing fast. Then there is the increase in working women population. Add to these the emerging opportunities in the service sector. Lifestyle habits are shifting from austerity to complete self-indulgence and Indians are now unapologetic about spending lavishly on non-essential goods such as luxury watches, cars, and hi-tech products.

India can be said to have entered the second phase of retail growth when there is high-speed growth. There are retail chains along with global players which are trying to tap
the country's vast potential. Bringing all these under one roof are mega malls. Now, top names in international malls are also eyeing the Indian market. It is only later that the retailing scene will move to the other phases when the fruits of rapid growth will result in economies of scale and greater efficiency leading finally to consolidation through mergers and acquisitions. Thus, retailing in India has a very long haul ahead.

In India for a long time a large chunk of retail outlets were grocery shops. This pattern had beep changing in recent years, in urban and rural markets. Of late, India's largely rural population has also caught the eye of retailers looking for new areas of growth. A slew of supermarket chains are set to storm the rural areas of the country as corporates realize the huge potential of the untapped market. A well-known brand launched the country's first rural mall, offering a diverse product range from FMCG to electronic appliances to automobiles, attempting to provide farmers a one-stop destination for all of their needs. Other companies are launching 'one-stop shops' for farmers and their communities too.

As clear from the story of some of the companies already established, organized retail sector can bring a revolutionary change in rural India unless it goes for quick short-term gains. With Walmart famous for its 'Always Low Prices' coming to India, Indian farmers and rural craftsmen can hope for a better direct deal. Retailing does not benefit just the consumer. It can give huge benefits to other industries, to government, and to the entire economy.

The rural market is no longer a non-player in the retail game. It is now accounting for about one-third of the market for most durable and non-durable products. Even manufacturers are developing new products with the rural consumer in mind besides using village-oriented marketing strategies for brand promotions. Whether it is an actress promoting a chocolate or a cricketer wowing village lads with a soft drink, both ad makers as well as top company honchos know where to put their money and
how. T'he rural market is no longer of hypothetical empirical value but is well researched and reached by most companies looking to tap India's vast and abundant bounty.

The Indian retail scenario is poised for a quantum leap. Not only are newer names set to dot the retail landscape but also new and emerging retail formats will drive the diversity of the fast-changing retail backdrop. Organized Retail means 'Big Stores' a common myth... nothing can be further from the truth. In its very essence, organized retailing is about "aggregating value" and what shape, size and configuration your customer facing entity takes is largely a function of your offer and proposition. A growing population, a young workforce and zooming consumer confidence will fuel the expansion of the retail sector. As organized retail in rural India awaits the arrival of known companies, current majors are expanding their retail operations by setting up more stores, entering new states and offering newer product categories. A shift from selling agri-inputs will help these stores target the non-farming segments. It is a little known fact that, while 25% of the rural population is not engaged in agriculture, it earns 50% of the rural income. The retail market is the next growth frontier for corporate India. It offers an opportunity for a large player to build a Rs. 40000 Cr retail business spanning multiple categories by 2015 (at current , prices). However, to capitalize on the opportunity, a player needs to be aggressive in his outlook and build scale quickly.

A. What according to the author is 'Organized Retailing'?

B. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it, Certain  words/phrases have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the question.

India, like Britain, is also a nation of shopkeepers. With over 12 million retail outlets, India has one of the highest densities of retail outlets in the world with one retail outlet for around 90 persons. Retailers inspired by the Walmart story of growth in small town America are tempted to focus on smaller towns and villages in India. However, a careful analysis of the town strata-wise population, population growth, migration trends and consumer spend analysis reveals a very different picture for India.

After a long spell of shortages, which shackled consumer buying for decades, retail is becoming India's new mantra. While the retailing industry itself has been presented through history in our country, it is only the recent past that has witnessed so much dynamism.

This is a time when the demography of our population is changing significantly to drive organized retail growth. India now has a large young working population with a median age of 24. The number of nuclear families in urban areas is growing fast. Then there is the increase in working women population. Add to these the emerging opportunities in the service sector. Lifestyle habits are shifting from austerity to complete self-indulgence and Indians are now unapologetic about spending lavishly on non-essential goods such as luxury watches, cars, and hi-tech products.

India can be said to have entered the second phase of retail growth when there is high-speed growth. There are retail chains along with global players which are trying to tap
the country's vast potential. Bringing all these under one roof are mega malls. Now, top names in international malls are also eyeing the Indian market. It is only later that the retailing scene will move to the other phases when the fruits of rapid growth will result in economies of scale and greater efficiency leading finally to consolidation through mergers and acquisitions. Thus, retailing in India has a very long haul ahead.

In India for a long time a large chunk of retail outlets were grocery shops. This pattern had beep changing in recent years, in urban and rural markets. Of late, India's largely rural population has also caught the eye of retailers looking for new areas of growth. A slew of supermarket chains are set to storm the rural areas of the country as corporates realize the huge potential of the untapped market. A well-known brand launched the country's first rural mall, offering a diverse product range from FMCG to electronic appliances to automobiles, attempting to provide farmers a one-stop destination for all of their needs. Other companies are launching 'one-stop shops' for farmers and their communities too.

As clear from the story of some of the companies already established, organized retail sector can bring a revolutionary change in rural India unless it goes for quick short-term gains. With Walmart famous for its 'Always Low Prices' coming to India, Indian farmers and rural craftsmen can hope for a better direct deal. Retailing does not benefit just the consumer. It can give huge benefits to other industries, to government, and to the entire economy.

The rural market is no longer a non-player in the retail game. It is now accounting for about one-third of the market for most durable and non-durable products. Even manufacturers are developing new products with the rural consumer in mind besides using village-oriented marketing strategies for brand promotions. Whether it is an actress promoting a chocolate or a cricketer wowing village lads with a soft drink, both ad makers as well as top company honchos know where to put their money and
how. T'he rural market is no longer of hypothetical empirical value but is well researched and reached by most companies looking to tap India's vast and abundant bounty.

The Indian retail scenario is poised for a quantum leap. Not only are newer names set to dot the retail landscape but also new and emerging retail formats will drive the diversity of the fast-changing retail backdrop. Organized Retail means 'Big Stores' a common myth... nothing can be further from the truth. In its very essence, organized retailing is about "aggregating value" and what shape, size and configuration your customer facing entity takes is largely a function of your offer and proposition. A growing population, a young workforce and zooming consumer confidence will fuel the expansion of the retail sector. As organized retail in rural India awaits the arrival of known companies, current majors are expanding their retail operations by setting up more stores, entering new states and offering newer product categories. A shift from selling agri-inputs will help these stores target the non-farming segments. It is a little known fact that, while 25% of the rural population is not engaged in agriculture, it earns 50% of the rural income. The retail market is the next growth frontier for corporate India. It offers an opportunity for a large player to build a Rs. 40000 Cr retail business spanning multiple categories by 2015 (at current , prices). However, to capitalize on the opportunity, a player needs to be aggressive in his outlook and build scale quickly.

B.What, according to the author, is not well known?

C. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it, Certain  words/phrases have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the question.

India, like Britain, is also a nation of shopkeepers. With over 12 million retail outlets, India has one of the highest densities of retail outlets in the world with one retail outlet for around 90 persons. Retailers inspired by the Walmart story of growth in small town America are tempted to focus on smaller towns and villages in India. However, a careful analysis of the town strata-wise population, population growth, migration trends and consumer spend analysis reveals a very different picture for India.

After a long spell of shortages, which shackled consumer buying for decades, retail is becoming India's new mantra. While the retailing industry itself has been presented through history in our country, it is only the recent past that has witnessed so much dynamism.

This is a time when the demography of our population is changing significantly to drive organized retail growth. India now has a large young working population with a median age of 24. The number of nuclear families in urban areas is growing fast. Then there is the increase in working women population. Add to these the emerging opportunities in the service sector. Lifestyle habits are shifting from austerity to complete self-indulgence and Indians are now unapologetic about spending lavishly on non-essential goods such as luxury watches, cars, and hi-tech products.

India can be said to have entered the second phase of retail growth when there is high-speed growth. There are retail chains along with global players which are trying to tap
the country's vast potential. Bringing all these under one roof are mega malls. Now, top names in international malls are also eyeing the Indian market. It is only later that the retailing scene will move to the other phases when the fruits of rapid growth will result in economies of scale and greater efficiency leading finally to consolidation through mergers and acquisitions. Thus, retailing in India has a very long haul ahead.

In India for a long time a large chunk of retail outlets were grocery shops. This pattern had beep changing in recent years, in urban and rural markets. Of late, India's largely rural population has also caught the eye of retailers looking for new areas of growth. A slew of supermarket chains are set to storm the rural areas of the country as corporates realize the huge potential of the untapped market. A well-known brand launched the country's first rural mall, offering a diverse product range from FMCG to electronic appliances to automobiles, attempting to provide farmers a one-stop destination for all of their needs. Other companies are launching 'one-stop shops' for farmers and their communities too.

As clear from the story of some of the companies already established, organized retail sector can bring a revolutionary change in rural India unless it goes for quick short-term gains. With Walmart famous for its 'Always Low Prices' coming to India, Indian farmers and rural craftsmen can hope for a better direct deal. Retailing does not benefit just the consumer. It can give huge benefits to other industries, to government, and to the entire economy.

The rural market is no longer a non-player in the retail game. It is now accounting for about one-third of the market for most durable and non-durable products. Even manufacturers are developing new products with the rural consumer in mind besides using village-oriented marketing strategies for brand promotions. Whether it is an actress promoting a chocolate or a cricketer wowing village lads with a soft drink, both ad makers as well as top company honchos know where to put their money and
how. T'he rural market is no longer of hypothetical empirical value but is well researched and reached by most companies looking to tap India's vast and abundant bounty.

The Indian retail scenario is poised for a quantum leap. Not only are newer names set to dot the retail landscape but also new and emerging retail formats will drive the diversity of the fast-changing retail backdrop. Organized Retail means 'Big Stores' a common myth... nothing can be further from the truth. In its very essence, organized retailing is about "aggregating value" and what shape, size and configuration your customer facing entity takes is largely a function of your offer and proposition. A growing population, a young workforce and zooming consumer confidence will fuel the expansion of the retail sector. As organized retail in rural India awaits the arrival of known companies, current majors are expanding their retail operations by setting up more stores, entering new states and offering newer product categories. A shift from selling agri-inputs will help these stores target the non-farming segments. It is a little known fact that, while 25% of the rural population is not engaged in agriculture, it earns 50% of the rural income. The retail market is the next growth frontier for corporate India. It offers an opportunity for a large player to build a Rs. 40000 Cr retail business spanning multiple categories by 2015 (at current , prices). However, to capitalize on the opportunity, a player needs to be aggressive in his outlook and build scale quickly.

C. Which of the following, according to the author, is/are the reason/s for the change in the spending habits of Indians?

(a) Increase in the number of youngsters securing jobs.

(b) Increase in the number of employed women.

(c) Increase in the number of nuclear families.

D. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it, Certain  words/phrases have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the question.

India, like Britain, is also a nation of shopkeepers. With over 12 million retail outlets, India has one of the highest densities of retail outlets in the world with one retail outlet for around 90 persons. Retailers inspired by the Walmart story of growth in small town America are tempted to focus on smaller towns and villages in India. However, a careful analysis of the town strata-wise population, population growth, migration trends and consumer spend analysis reveals a very different picture for India.

After a long spell of shortages, which shackled consumer buying for decades, retail is becoming India's new mantra. While the retailing industry itself has been presented through history in our country, it is only the recent past that has witnessed so much dynamism.

This is a time when the demography of our population is changing significantly to drive organized retail growth. India now has a large young working population with a median age of 24. The number of nuclear families in urban areas is growing fast. Then there is the increase in working women population. Add to these the emerging opportunities in the service sector. Lifestyle habits are shifting from austerity to complete self-indulgence and Indians are now unapologetic about spending lavishly on non-essential goods such as luxury watches, cars, and hi-tech products.

India can be said to have entered the second phase of retail growth when there is high-speed growth. There are retail chains along with global players which are trying to tap
the country's vast potential. Bringing all these under one roof are mega malls. Now, top names in international malls are also eyeing the Indian market. It is only later that the retailing scene will move to the other phases when the fruits of rapid growth will result in economies of scale and greater efficiency leading finally to consolidation through mergers and acquisitions. Thus, retailing in India has a very long haul ahead.

In India for a long time a large chunk of retail outlets were grocery shops. This pattern had beep changing in recent years, in urban and rural markets. Of late, India's largely rural population has also caught the eye of retailers looking for new areas of growth. A slew of supermarket chains are set to storm the rural areas of the country as corporates realize the huge potential of the untapped market. A well-known brand launched the country's first rural mall, offering a diverse product range from FMCG to electronic appliances to automobiles, attempting to provide farmers a one-stop destination for all of their needs. Other companies are launching 'one-stop shops' for farmers and their communities too.

As clear from the story of some of the companies already established, organized retail sector can bring a revolutionary change in rural India unless it goes for quick short-term gains. With Walmart famous for its 'Always Low Prices' coming to India, Indian farmers and rural craftsmen can hope for a better direct deal. Retailing does not benefit just the consumer. It can give huge benefits to other industries, to government, and to the entire economy.

The rural market is no longer a non-player in the retail game. It is now accounting for about one-third of the market for most durable and non-durable products. Even manufacturers are developing new products with the rural consumer in mind besides using village-oriented marketing strategies for brand promotions. Whether it is an actress promoting a chocolate or a cricketer wowing village lads with a soft drink, both ad makers as well as top company honchos know where to put their money and
how. T'he rural market is no longer of hypothetical empirical value but is well researched and reached by most companies looking to tap India's vast and abundant bounty.

The Indian retail scenario is poised for a quantum leap. Not only are newer names set to dot the retail landscape but also new and emerging retail formats will drive the diversity of the fast-changing retail backdrop. Organized Retail means 'Big Stores' a common myth... nothing can be further from the truth. In its very essence, organized retailing is about "aggregating value" and what shape, size and configuration your customer facing entity takes is largely a function of your offer and proposition. A growing population, a young workforce and zooming consumer confidence will fuel the expansion of the retail sector. As organized retail in rural India awaits the arrival of known companies, current majors are expanding their retail operations by setting up more stores, entering new states and offering newer product categories. A shift from selling agri-inputs will help these stores target the non-farming segments. It is a little known fact that, while 25% of the rural population is not engaged in agriculture, it earns 50% of the rural income. The retail market is the next growth frontier for corporate India. It offers an opportunity for a large player to build a Rs. 40000 Cr retail business spanning multiple categories by 2015 (at current , prices). However, to capitalize on the opportunity, a player needs to be aggressive in his outlook and build scale quickly.

D. Which of the following can aptly replace the phrase 'caught the eye of' as used in the passage?

 E.Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it, Certain  words/phrases have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the question.

India, like Britain, is also a nation of shopkeepers. With over 12 million retail outlets, India has one of the highest densities of retail outlets in the world with one retail outlet for around 90 persons. Retailers inspired by the Walmart story of growth in small town America are tempted to focus on smaller towns and villages in India. However, a careful analysis of the town strata-wise population, population growth, migration trends and consumer spend analysis reveals a very different picture for India.

After a long spell of shortages, which shackled consumer buying for decades, retail is becoming India's new mantra. While the retailing industry itself has been presented through history in our country, it is only the recent past that has witnessed so much dynamism.

This is a time when the demography of our population is changing significantly to drive organized retail growth. India now has a large young working population with a median age of 24. The number of nuclear families in urban areas is growing fast. Then there is the increase in working women population. Add to these the emerging opportunities in the service sector. Lifestyle habits are shifting from austerity to complete self-indulgence and Indians are now unapologetic about spending lavishly on non-essential goods such as luxury watches, cars, and hi-tech products.

India can be said to have entered the second phase of retail growth when there is high-speed growth. There are retail chains along with global players which are trying to tap
the country's vast potential. Bringing all these under one roof are mega malls. Now, top names in international malls are also eyeing the Indian market. It is only later that the retailing scene will move to the other phases when the fruits of rapid growth will result in economies of scale and greater efficiency leading finally to consolidation through mergers and acquisitions. Thus, retailing in India has a very long haul ahead.

In India for a long time a large chunk of retail outlets were grocery shops. This pattern had beep changing in recent years, in urban and rural markets. Of late, India's largely rural population has also caught the eye of retailers looking for new areas of growth. A slew of supermarket chains are set to storm the rural areas of the country as corporates realize the huge potential of the untapped market. A well-known brand launched the country's first rural mall, offering a diverse product range from FMCG to electronic appliances to automobiles, attempting to provide farmers a one-stop destination for all of their needs. Other companies are launching 'one-stop shops' for farmers and their communities too.

As clear from the story of some of the companies already established, organized retail sector can bring a revolutionary change in rural India unless it goes for quick short-term gains. With Walmart famous for its 'Always Low Prices' coming to India, Indian farmers and rural craftsmen can hope for a better direct deal. Retailing does not benefit just the consumer. It can give huge benefits to other industries, to government, and to the entire economy.

The rural market is no longer a non-player in the retail game. It is now accounting for about one-third of the market for most durable and non-durable products. Even manufacturers are developing new products with the rural consumer in mind besides using village-oriented marketing strategies for brand promotions. Whether it is an actress promoting a chocolate or a cricketer wowing village lads with a soft drink, both ad makers as well as top company honchos know where to put their money and
how. T'he rural market is no longer of hypothetical empirical value but is well researched and reached by most companies looking to tap India's vast and abundant bounty.

The Indian retail scenario is poised for a quantum leap. Not only are newer names set to dot the retail landscape but also new and emerging retail formats will drive the diversity of the fast-changing retail backdrop. Organized Retail means 'Big Stores' a common myth... nothing can be further from the truth. In its very essence, organized retailing is about "aggregating value" and what shape, size and configuration your customer facing entity takes is largely a function of your offer and proposition. A growing population, a young workforce and zooming consumer confidence will fuel the expansion of the retail sector. As organized retail in rural India awaits the arrival of known companies, current majors are expanding their retail operations by setting up more stores, entering new states and offering newer product categories. A shift from selling agri-inputs will help these stores target the non-farming segments. It is a little known fact that, while 25% of the rural population is not engaged in agriculture, it earns 50% of the rural income. The retail market is the next growth frontier for corporate India. It offers an opportunity for a large player to build a Rs. 40000 Cr retail business spanning multiple categories by 2015 (at current , prices). However, to capitalize on the opportunity, a player needs to be aggressive in his outlook and build scale quickly.

E.Which of the following is possibly the most appropriate title for the passage?

F. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it, Certain  words/phrases have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the question.

India, like Britain, is also a nation of shopkeepers. With over 12 million retail outlets, India has one of the highest densities of retail outlets in the world with one retail outlet for around 90 persons. Retailers inspired by the Walmart story of growth in small town America are tempted to focus on smaller towns and villages in India. However, a careful analysis of the town strata-wise population, population growth, migration trends and consumer spend analysis reveals a very different picture for India.

After a long spell of shortages, which shackled consumer buying for decades, retail is becoming India's new mantra. While the retailing industry itself has been presented through history in our country, it is only the recent past that has witnessed so much dynamism.

This is a time when the demography of our population is changing significantly to drive organized retail growth. India now has a large young working population with a median age of 24. The number of nuclear families in urban areas is growing fast. Then there is the increase in working women population. Add to these the emerging opportunities in the service sector. Lifestyle habits are shifting from austerity to complete self-indulgence and Indians are now unapologetic about spending lavishly on non-essential goods such as luxury watches, cars, and hi-tech products.

India can be said to have entered the second phase of retail growth when there is high-speed growth. There are retail chains along with global players which are trying to tap
the country's vast potential. Bringing all these under one roof are mega malls. Now, top names in international malls are also eyeing the Indian market. It is only later that the retailing scene will move to the other phases when the fruits of rapid growth will result in economies of scale and greater efficiency leading finally to consolidation through mergers and acquisitions. Thus, retailing in India has a very long haul ahead.

In India for a long time a large chunk of retail outlets were grocery shops. This pattern had beep changing in recent years, in urban and rural markets. Of late, India's largely rural population has also caught the eye of retailers looking for new areas of growth. A slew of supermarket chains are set to storm the rural areas of the country as corporates realize the huge potential of the untapped market. A well-known brand launched the country's first rural mall, offering a diverse product range from FMCG to electronic appliances to automobiles, attempting to provide farmers a one-stop destination for all of their needs. Other companies are launching 'one-stop shops' for farmers and their communities too.

As clear from the story of some of the companies already established, organized retail sector can bring a revolutionary change in rural India unless it goes for quick short-term gains. With Walmart famous for its 'Always Low Prices' coming to India, Indian farmers and rural craftsmen can hope for a better direct deal. Retailing does not benefit just the consumer. It can give huge benefits to other industries, to government, and to the entire economy.

The rural market is no longer a non-player in the retail game. It is now accounting for about one-third of the market for most durable and non-durable products. Even manufacturers are developing new products with the rural consumer in mind besides using village-oriented marketing strategies for brand promotions. Whether it is an actress promoting a chocolate or a cricketer wowing village lads with a soft drink, both ad makers as well as top company honchos know where to put their money and
how. T'he rural market is no longer of hypothetical empirical value but is well researched and reached by most companies looking to tap India's vast and abundant bounty.

The Indian retail scenario is poised for a quantum leap. Not only are newer names set to dot the retail landscape but also new and emerging retail formats will drive the diversity of the fast-changing retail backdrop. Organized Retail means 'Big Stores' a common myth... nothing can be further from the truth. In its very essence, organized retailing is about "aggregating value" and what shape, size and configuration your customer facing entity takes is largely a function of your offer and proposition. A growing population, a young workforce and zooming consumer confidence will fuel the expansion of the retail sector. As organized retail in rural India awaits the arrival of known companies, current majors are expanding their retail operations by setting up more stores, entering new states and offering newer product categories. A shift from selling agri-inputs will help these stores target the non-farming segments. It is a little known fact that, while 25% of the rural population is not engaged in agriculture, it earns 50% of the rural income. The retail market is the next growth frontier for corporate India. It offers an opportunity for a large player to build a Rs. 40000 Cr retail business spanning multiple categories by 2015 (at current , prices). However, to capitalize on the opportunity, a player needs to be aggressive in his outlook and build scale quickly.

F. Which of the following is true about rural market, as given in the passage?

(a) Products are being designed to suit rural requirements

(b) Companies are taking into account rural settings while conceptualizing advertisements

(c) It forms around 33 percent of the consumers of most retail products

G.  Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it, Certain  words/phrases have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the question.

India, like Britain, is also a nation of shopkeepers. With over 12 million retail outlets, India has one of the highest densities of retail outlets in the world with one retail outlet for around 90 persons. Retailers inspired by the Walmart story of growth in small town America are tempted to focus on smaller towns and villages in India. However, a careful analysis of the town strata-wise population, population growth, migration trends and consumer spend analysis reveals a very different picture for India.

After a long spell of shortages, which shackled consumer buying for decades, retail is becoming India's new mantra. While the retailing industry itself has been presented through history in our country, it is only the recent past that has witnessed so much dynamism.

This is a time when the demography of our population is changing significantly to drive organized retail growth. India now has a large young working population with a median age of 24. The number of nuclear families in urban areas is growing fast. Then there is the increase in working women population. Add to these the emerging opportunities in the service sector. Lifestyle habits are shifting from austerity to complete self-indulgence and Indians are now unapologetic about spending lavishly on non-essential goods such as luxury watches, cars, and hi-tech products.

India can be said to have entered the second phase of retail growth when there is high-speed growth. There are retail chains along with global players which are trying to tap
the country's vast potential. Bringing all these under one roof are mega malls. Now, top names in international malls are also eyeing the Indian market. It is only later that the retailing scene will move to the other phases when the fruits of rapid growth will result in economies of scale and greater efficiency leading finally to consolidation through mergers and acquisitions. Thus, retailing in India has a very long haul ahead.

In India for a long time a large chunk of retail outlets were grocery shops. This pattern had beep changing in recent years, in urban and rural markets. Of late, India's largely rural population has also caught the eye of retailers looking for new areas of growth. A slew of supermarket chains are set to storm the rural areas of the country as corporates realize the huge potential of the untapped market. A well-known brand launched the country's first rural mall, offering a diverse product range from FMCG to electronic appliances to automobiles, attempting to provide farmers a one-stop destination for all of their needs. Other companies are launching 'one-stop shops' for farmers and their communities too.

As clear from the story of some of the companies already established, organized retail sector can bring a revolutionary change in rural India unless it goes for quick short-term gains. With Walmart famous for its 'Always Low Prices' coming to India, Indian farmers and rural craftsmen can hope for a better direct deal. Retailing does not benefit just the consumer. It can give huge benefits to other industries, to government, and to the entire economy.

The rural market is no longer a non-player in the retail game. It is now accounting for about one-third of the market for most durable and non-durable products. Even manufacturers are developing new products with the rural consumer in mind besides using village-oriented marketing strategies for brand promotions. Whether it is an actress promoting a chocolate or a cricketer wowing village lads with a soft drink, both ad makers as well as top company honchos know where to put their money and
how. T'he rural market is no longer of hypothetical empirical value but is well researched and reached by most companies looking to tap India's vast and abundant bounty.

The Indian retail scenario is poised for a quantum leap. Not only are newer names set to dot the retail landscape but also new and emerging retail formats will drive the diversity of the fast-changing retail backdrop. Organized Retail means 'Big Stores' a common myth... nothing can be further from the truth. In its very essence, organized retailing is about "aggregating value" and what shape, size and configuration your customer facing entity takes is largely a function of your offer and proposition. A growing population, a young workforce and zooming consumer confidence will fuel the expansion of the retail sector. As organized retail in rural India awaits the arrival of known companies, current majors are expanding their retail operations by setting up more stores, entering new states and offering newer product categories. A shift from selling agri-inputs will help these stores target the non-farming segments. It is a little known fact that, while 25% of the rural population is not engaged in agriculture, it earns 50% of the rural income. The retail market is the next growth frontier for corporate India. It offers an opportunity for a large player to build a Rs. 40000 Cr retail business spanning multiple categories by 2015 (at current , prices). However, to capitalize on the opportunity, a player needs to be aggressive in his outlook and build scale quickly.

G. Which of the following is true about Walmart, as given in the passage?

(a) Walmart achieved a fair amount of success in smaller towns of the US.

(b) Walmart has presence in all the countries.

(c) Goods sold at Walmart are priced low.

H. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it, Certain  words/phrases have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the question.

India, like Britain, is also a nation of shopkeepers. With over 12 million retail outlets, India has one of the highest densities of retail outlets in the world with one retail outlet for around 90 persons. Retailers inspired by the Walmart story of growth in small town America are tempted to focus on smaller towns and villages in India. However, a careful analysis of the town strata-wise population, population growth, migration trends and consumer spend analysis reveals a very different picture for India.

After a long spell of shortages, which shackled consumer buying for decades, retail is becoming India's new mantra. While the retailing industry itself has been presented through history in our country, it is only the recent past that has witnessed so much dynamism.

This is a time when the demography of our population is changing significantly to drive organized retail growth. India now has a large young working population with a median age of 24. The number of nuclear families in urban areas is growing fast. Then there is the increase in working women population. Add to these the emerging opportunities in the service sector. Lifestyle habits are shifting from austerity to complete self-indulgence and Indians are now unapologetic about spending lavishly on non-essential goods such as luxury watches, cars, and hi-tech products.

India can be said to have entered the second phase of retail growth when there is high-speed growth. There are retail chains along with global players which are trying to tap
the country's vast potential. Bringing all these under one roof are mega malls. Now, top names in international malls are also eyeing the Indian market. It is only later that the retailing scene will move to the other phases when the fruits of rapid growth will result in economies of scale and greater efficiency leading finally to consolidation through mergers and acquisitions. Thus, retailing in India has a very long haul ahead.

In India for a long time a large chunk of retail outlets were grocery shops. This pattern had beep changing in recent years, in urban and rural markets. Of late, India's largely rural population has also caught the eye of retailers looking for new areas of growth. A slew of supermarket chains are set to storm the rural areas of the country as corporates realize the huge potential of the untapped market. A well-known brand launched the country's first rural mall, offering a diverse product range from FMCG to electronic appliances to automobiles, attempting to provide farmers a one-stop destination for all of their needs. Other companies are launching 'one-stop shops' for farmers and their communities too.

As clear from the story of some of the companies already established, organized retail sector can bring a revolutionary change in rural India unless it goes for quick short-term gains. With Walmart famous for its 'Always Low Prices' coming to India, Indian farmers and rural craftsmen can hope for a better direct deal. Retailing does not benefit just the consumer. It can give huge benefits to other industries, to government, and to the entire economy.

The rural market is no longer a non-player in the retail game. It is now accounting for about one-third of the market for most durable and non-durable products. Even manufacturers are developing new products with the rural consumer in mind besides using village-oriented marketing strategies for brand promotions. Whether it is an actress promoting a chocolate or a cricketer wowing village lads with a soft drink, both ad makers as well as top company honchos know where to put their money and
how. T'he rural market is no longer of hypothetical empirical value but is well researched and reached by most companies looking to tap India's vast and abundant bounty.

The Indian retail scenario is poised for a quantum leap. Not only are newer names set to dot the retail landscape but also new and emerging retail formats will drive the diversity of the fast-changing retail backdrop. Organized Retail means 'Big Stores' a common myth... nothing can be further from the truth. In its very essence, organized retailing is about "aggregating value" and what shape, size and configuration your customer facing entity takes is largely a function of your offer and proposition. A growing population, a young workforce and zooming consumer confidence will fuel the expansion of the retail sector. As organized retail in rural India awaits the arrival of known companies, current majors are expanding their retail operations by setting up more stores, entering new states and offering newer product categories. A shift from selling agri-inputs will help these stores target the non-farming segments. It is a little known fact that, while 25% of the rural population is not engaged in agriculture, it earns 50% of the rural income. The retail market is the next growth frontier for corporate India. It offers an opportunity for a large player to build a Rs. 40000 Cr retail business spanning multiple categories by 2015 (at current , prices). However, to capitalize on the opportunity, a player needs to be aggressive in his outlook and build scale quickly.

H. What is the present situation of retail growth in India?

I. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it, Certain  words/phrases have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the question.

India, like Britain, is also a nation of shopkeepers. With over 12 million retail outlets, India has one of the highest densities of retail outlets in the world with one retail outlet for around 90 persons. Retailers inspired by the Walmart story of growth in small town America are tempted to focus on smaller towns and villages in India. However, a careful analysis of the town strata-wise population, population growth, migration trends and consumer spend analysis reveals a very different picture for India.

After a long spell of shortages, which shackled consumer buying for decades, retail is becoming India's new mantra. While the retailing industry itself has been presented through history in our country, it is only the recent past that has witnessed so much dynamism.

This is a time when the demography of our population is changing significantly to drive organized retail growth. India now has a large young working population with a median age of 24. The number of nuclear families in urban areas is growing fast. Then there is the increase in working women population. Add to these the emerging opportunities in the service sector. Lifestyle habits are shifting from austerity to complete self-indulgence and Indians are now unapologetic about spending lavishly on non-essential goods such as luxury watches, cars, and hi-tech products.

India can be said to have entered the second phase of retail growth when there is high-speed growth. There are retail chains along with global players which are trying to tap
the country's vast potential. Bringing all these under one roof are mega malls. Now, top names in international malls are also eyeing the Indian market. It is only later that the retailing scene will move to the other phases when the fruits of rapid growth will result in economies of scale and greater efficiency leading finally to consolidation through mergers and acquisitions. Thus, retailing in India has a very long haul ahead.

In India for a long time a large chunk of retail outlets were grocery shops. This pattern had beep changing in recent years, in urban and rural markets. Of late, India's largely rural population has also caught the eye of retailers looking for new areas of growth. A slew of supermarket chains are set to storm the rural areas of the country as corporates realize the huge potential of the untapped market. A well-known brand launched the country's first rural mall, offering a diverse product range from FMCG to electronic appliances to automobiles, attempting to provide farmers a one-stop destination for all of their needs. Other companies are launching 'one-stop shops' for farmers and their communities too.

As clear from the story of some of the companies already established, organized retail sector can bring a revolutionary change in rural India unless it goes for quick short-term gains. With Walmart famous for its 'Always Low Prices' coming to India, Indian farmers and rural craftsmen can hope for a better direct deal. Retailing does not benefit just the consumer. It can give huge benefits to other industries, to government, and to the entire economy.

The rural market is no longer a non-player in the retail game. It is now accounting for about one-third of the market for most durable and non-durable products. Even manufacturers are developing new products with the rural consumer in mind besides using village-oriented marketing strategies for brand promotions. Whether it is an actress promoting a chocolate or a cricketer wowing village lads with a soft drink, both ad makers as well as top company honchos know where to put their money and
how. T'he rural market is no longer of hypothetical empirical value but is well researched and reached by most companies looking to tap India's vast and abundant bounty.

The Indian retail scenario is poised for a quantum leap. Not only are newer names set to dot the retail landscape but also new and emerging retail formats will drive the diversity of the fast-changing retail backdrop. Organized Retail means 'Big Stores' a common myth... nothing can be further from the truth. In its very essence, organized retailing is about "aggregating value" and what shape, size and configuration your customer facing entity takes is largely a function of your offer and proposition. A growing population, a young workforce and zooming consumer confidence will fuel the expansion of the retail sector. As organized retail in rural India awaits the arrival of known companies, current majors are expanding their retail operations by setting up more stores, entering new states and offering newer product categories. A shift from selling agri-inputs will help these stores target the non-farming segments. It is a little known fact that, while 25% of the rural population is not engaged in agriculture, it earns 50% of the rural income. The retail market is the next growth frontier for corporate India. It offers an opportunity for a large player to build a Rs. 40000 Cr retail business spanning multiple categories by 2015 (at current , prices). However, to capitalize on the opportunity, a player needs to be aggressive in his outlook and build scale quickly.

I.Choose the word/group of words which is most similar in meaning to the word/group of words printed in bold as used in the passage.

DYNAMISM

J. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it, Certain  words/phrases have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the question.

India, like Britain, is also a nation of shopkeepers. With over 12 million retail outlets, India has one of the highest densities of retail outlets in the world with one retail outlet for around 90 persons. Retailers inspired by the Walmart story of growth in small town America are tempted to focus on smaller towns and villages in India. However, a careful analysis of the town strata-wise population, population growth, migration trends and consumer spend analysis reveals a very different picture for India.

After a long spell of shortages, which shackled consumer buying for decades, retail is becoming India's new mantra. While the retailing industry itself has been presented through history in our country, it is only the recent past that has witnessed so much dynamism.

This is a time when the demography of our population is changing significantly to drive organized retail growth. India now has a large young working population with a median age of 24. The number of nuclear families in urban areas is growing fast. Then there is the increase in working women population. Add to these the emerging opportunities in the service sector. Lifestyle habits are shifting from austerity to complete self-indulgence and Indians are now unapologetic about spending lavishly on non-essential goods such as luxury watches, cars, and hi-tech products.

India can be said to have entered the second phase of retail growth when there is high-speed growth. There are retail chains along with global players which are trying to tap
the country's vast potential. Bringing all these under one roof are mega malls. Now, top names in international malls are also eyeing the Indian market. It is only later that the retailing scene will move to the other phases when the fruits of rapid growth will result in economies of scale and greater efficiency leading finally to consolidation through mergers and acquisitions. Thus, retailing in India has a very long haul ahead.

In India for a long time a large chunk of retail outlets were grocery shops. This pattern had beep changing in recent years, in urban and rural markets. Of late, India's largely rural population has also caught the eye of retailers looking for new areas of growth. A slew of supermarket chains are set to storm the rural areas of the country as corporates realize the huge potential of the untapped market. A well-known brand launched the country's first rural mall, offering a diverse product range from FMCG to electronic appliances to automobiles, attempting to provide farmers a one-stop destination for all of their needs. Other companies are launching 'one-stop shops' for farmers and their communities too.

As clear from the story of some of the companies already established, organized retail sector can bring a revolutionary change in rural India unless it goes for quick short-term gains. With Walmart famous for its 'Always Low Prices' coming to India, Indian farmers and rural craftsmen can hope for a better direct deal. Retailing does not benefit just the consumer. It can give huge benefits to other industries, to government, and to the entire economy.

The rural market is no longer a non-player in the retail game. It is now accounting for about one-third of the market for most durable and non-durable products. Even manufacturers are developing new products with the rural consumer in mind besides using village-oriented marketing strategies for brand promotions. Whether it is an actress promoting a chocolate or a cricketer wowing village lads with a soft drink, both ad makers as well as top company honchos know where to put their money and
how. T'he rural market is no longer of hypothetical empirical value but is well researched and reached by most companies looking to tap India's vast and abundant bounty.

The Indian retail scenario is poised for a quantum leap. Not only are newer names set to dot the retail landscape but also new and emerging retail formats will drive the diversity of the fast-changing retail backdrop. Organized Retail means 'Big Stores' a common myth... nothing can be further from the truth. In its very essence, organized retailing is about "aggregating value" and what shape, size and configuration your customer facing entity takes is largely a function of your offer and proposition. A growing population, a young workforce and zooming consumer confidence will fuel the expansion of the retail sector. As organized retail in rural India awaits the arrival of known companies, current majors are expanding their retail operations by setting up more stores, entering new states and offering newer product categories. A shift from selling agri-inputs will help these stores target the non-farming segments. It is a little known fact that, while 25% of the rural population is not engaged in agriculture, it earns 50% of the rural income. The retail market is the next growth frontier for corporate India. It offers an opportunity for a large player to build a Rs. 40000 Cr retail business spanning multiple categories by 2015 (at current , prices). However, to capitalize on the opportunity, a player needs to be aggressive in his outlook and build scale quickly.

J.Choose the word/group of words which is most similar in meaning to the word/group of words printed in bold as used in the passage.

ZOOMING

K. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it, Certain  words/phrases have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the question.

India, like Britain, is also a nation of shopkeepers. With over 12 million retail outlets, India has one of the highest densities of retail outlets in the world with one retail outlet for around 90 persons. Retailers inspired by the Walmart story of growth in small town America are tempted to focus on smaller towns and villages in India. However, a careful analysis of the town strata-wise population, population growth, migration trends and consumer spend analysis reveals a very different picture for India.

After a long spell of shortages, which shackled consumer buying for decades, retail is becoming India's new mantra. While the retailing industry itself has been presented through history in our country, it is only the recent past that has witnessed so much dynamism.

This is a time when the demography of our population is changing significantly to drive organized retail growth. India now has a large young working population with a median age of 24. The number of nuclear families in urban areas is growing fast. Then there is the increase in working women population. Add to these the emerging opportunities in the service sector. Lifestyle habits are shifting from austerity to complete self-indulgence and Indians are now unapologetic about spending lavishly on non-essential goods such as luxury watches, cars, and hi-tech products.

India can be said to have entered the second phase of retail growth when there is high-speed growth. There are retail chains along with global players which are trying to tap
the country's vast potential. Bringing all these under one roof are mega malls. Now, top names in international malls are also eyeing the Indian market. It is only later that the retailing scene will move to the other phases when the fruits of rapid growth will result in economies of scale and greater efficiency leading finally to consolidation through mergers and acquisitions. Thus, retailing in India has a very long haul ahead.

In India for a long time a large chunk of retail outlets were grocery shops. This pattern had beep changing in recent years, in urban and rural markets. Of late, India's largely rural population has also caught the eye of retailers looking for new areas of growth. A slew of supermarket chains are set to storm the rural areas of the country as corporates realize the huge potential of the untapped market. A well-known brand launched the country's first rural mall, offering a diverse product range from FMCG to electronic appliances to automobiles, attempting to provide farmers a one-stop destination for all of their needs. Other companies are launching 'one-stop shops' for farmers and their communities too.

As clear from the story of some of the companies already established, organized retail sector can bring a revolutionary change in rural India unless it goes for quick short-term gains. With Walmart famous for its 'Always Low Prices' coming to India, Indian farmers and rural craftsmen can hope for a better direct deal. Retailing does not benefit just the consumer. It can give huge benefits to other industries, to government, and to the entire economy.

The rural market is no longer a non-player in the retail game. It is now accounting for about one-third of the market for most durable and non-durable products. Even manufacturers are developing new products with the rural consumer in mind besides using village-oriented marketing strategies for brand promotions. Whether it is an actress promoting a chocolate or a cricketer wowing village lads with a soft drink, both ad makers as well as top company honchos know where to put their money and
how. T'he rural market is no longer of hypothetical empirical value but is well researched and reached by most companies looking to tap India's vast and abundant bounty.

The Indian retail scenario is poised for a quantum leap. Not only are newer names set to dot the retail landscape but also new and emerging retail formats will drive the diversity of the fast-changing retail backdrop. Organized Retail means 'Big Stores' a common myth... nothing can be further from the truth. In its very essence, organized retailing is about "aggregating value" and what shape, size and configuration your customer facing entity takes is largely a function of your offer and proposition. A growing population, a young workforce and zooming consumer confidence will fuel the expansion of the retail sector. As organized retail in rural India awaits the arrival of known companies, current majors are expanding their retail operations by setting up more stores, entering new states and offering newer product categories. A shift from selling agri-inputs will help these stores target the non-farming segments. It is a little known fact that, while 25% of the rural population is not engaged in agriculture, it earns 50% of the rural income. The retail market is the next growth frontier for corporate India. It offers an opportunity for a large player to build a Rs. 40000 Cr retail business spanning multiple categories by 2015 (at current , prices). However, to capitalize on the opportunity, a player needs to be aggressive in his outlook and build scale quickly.

K.Choose the word/group of words which is most similar in meaning to the word/group of words printed in bold as used in the passage.

AGGRESSIVE

L. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it, Certain  words/phrases have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the question.

India, like Britain, is also a nation of shopkeepers. With over 12 million retail outlets, India has one of the highest densities of retail outlets in the world with one retail outlet for around 90 persons. Retailers inspired by the Walmart story of growth in small town America are tempted to focus on smaller towns and villages in India. However, a careful analysis of the town strata-wise population, population growth, migration trends and consumer spend analysis reveals a very different picture for India.

After a long spell of shortages, which shackled consumer buying for decades, retail is becoming India's new mantra. While the retailing industry itself has been presented through history in our country, it is only the recent past that has witnessed so much dynamism.

This is a time when the demography of our population is changing significantly to drive organized retail growth. India now has a large young working population with a median age of 24. The number of nuclear families in urban areas is growing fast. Then there is the increase in working women population. Add to these the emerging opportunities in the service sector. Lifestyle habits are shifting from austerity to complete self-indulgence and Indians are now unapologetic about spending lavishly on non-essential goods such as luxury watches, cars, and hi-tech products.

India can be said to have entered the second phase of retail growth when there is high-speed growth. There are retail chains along with global players which are trying to tap
the country's vast potential. Bringing all these under one roof are mega malls. Now, top names in international malls are also eyeing the Indian market. It is only later that the retailing scene will move to the other phases when the fruits of rapid growth will result in economies of scale and greater efficiency leading finally to consolidation through mergers and acquisitions. Thus, retailing in India has a very long haul ahead.

In India for a long time a large chunk of retail outlets were grocery shops. This pattern had beep changing in recent years, in urban and rural markets. Of late, India's largely rural population has also caught the eye of retailers looking for new areas of growth. A slew of supermarket chains are set to storm the rural areas of the country as corporates realize the huge potential of the untapped market. A well-known brand launched the country's first rural mall, offering a diverse product range from FMCG to electronic appliances to automobiles, attempting to provide farmers a one-stop destination for all of their needs. Other companies are launching 'one-stop shops' for farmers and their communities too.

As clear from the story of some of the companies already established, organized retail sector can bring a revolutionary change in rural India unless it goes for quick short-term gains. With Walmart famous for its 'Always Low Prices' coming to India, Indian farmers and rural craftsmen can hope for a better direct deal. Retailing does not benefit just the consumer. It can give huge benefits to other industries, to government, and to the entire economy.

The rural market is no longer a non-player in the retail game. It is now accounting for about one-third of the market for most durable and non-durable products. Even manufacturers are developing new products with the rural consumer in mind besides using village-oriented marketing strategies for brand promotions. Whether it is an actress promoting a chocolate or a cricketer wowing village lads with a soft drink, both ad makers as well as top company honchos know where to put their money and
how. T'he rural market is no longer of hypothetical empirical value but is well researched and reached by most companies looking to tap India's vast and abundant bounty.

The Indian retail scenario is poised for a quantum leap. Not only are newer names set to dot the retail landscape but also new and emerging retail formats will drive the diversity of the fast-changing retail backdrop. Organized Retail means 'Big Stores' a common myth... nothing can be further from the truth. In its very essence, organized retailing is about "aggregating value" and what shape, size and configuration your customer facing entity takes is largely a function of your offer and proposition. A growing population, a young workforce and zooming consumer confidence will fuel the expansion of the retail sector. As organized retail in rural India awaits the arrival of known companies, current majors are expanding their retail operations by setting up more stores, entering new states and offering newer product categories. A shift from selling agri-inputs will help these stores target the non-farming segments. It is a little known fact that, while 25% of the rural population is not engaged in agriculture, it earns 50% of the rural income. The retail market is the next growth frontier for corporate India. It offers an opportunity for a large player to build a Rs. 40000 Cr retail business spanning multiple categories by 2015 (at current , prices). However, to capitalize on the opportunity, a player needs to be aggressive in his outlook and build scale quickly.

L.Choose the word/group of words which is most similar in meaning to the word/group of words printed in bold as used in the passage.

SHACKLED

M. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it, Certain  words/phrases have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the question.

India, like Britain, is also a nation of shopkeepers. With over 12 million retail outlets, India has one of the highest densities of retail outlets in the world with one retail outlet for around 90 persons. Retailers inspired by the Walmart story of growth in small town America are tempted to focus on smaller towns and villages in India. However, a careful analysis of the town strata-wise population, population growth, migration trends and consumer spend analysis reveals a very different picture for India.

After a long spell of shortages, which shackled consumer buying for decades, retail is becoming India's new mantra. While the retailing industry itself has been presented through history in our country, it is only the recent past that has witnessed so much dynamism.

This is a time when the demography of our population is changing significantly to drive organized retail growth. India now has a large young working population with a median age of 24. The number of nuclear families in urban areas is growing fast. Then there is the increase in working women population. Add to these the emerging opportunities in the service sector. Lifestyle habits are shifting from austerity to complete self-indulgence and Indians are now unapologetic about spending lavishly on non-essential goods such as luxury watches, cars, and hi-tech products.

India can be said to have entered the second phase of retail growth when there is high-speed growth. There are retail chains along with global players which are trying to tap
the country's vast potential. Bringing all these under one roof are mega malls. Now, top names in international malls are also eyeing the Indian market. It is only later that the retailing scene will move to the other phases when the fruits of rapid growth will result in economies of scale and greater efficiency leading finally to consolidation through mergers and acquisitions. Thus, retailing in India has a very long haul ahead.

In India for a long time a large chunk of retail outlets were grocery shops. This pattern had beep changing in recent years, in urban and rural markets. Of late, India's largely rural population has also caught the eye of retailers looking for new areas of growth. A slew of supermarket chains are set to storm the rural areas of the country as corporates realize the huge potential of the untapped market. A well-known brand launched the country's first rural mall, offering a diverse product range from FMCG to electronic appliances to automobiles, attempting to provide farmers a one-stop destination for all of their needs. Other companies are launching 'one-stop shops' for farmers and their communities too.

As clear from the story of some of the companies already established, organized retail sector can bring a revolutionary change in rural India unless it goes for quick short-term gains. With Walmart famous for its 'Always Low Prices' coming to India, Indian farmers and rural craftsmen can hope for a better direct deal. Retailing does not benefit just the consumer. It can give huge benefits to other industries, to government, and to the entire economy.

The rural market is no longer a non-player in the retail game. It is now accounting for about one-third of the market for most durable and non-durable products. Even manufacturers are developing new products with the rural consumer in mind besides using village-oriented marketing strategies for brand promotions. Whether it is an actress promoting a chocolate or a cricketer wowing village lads with a soft drink, both ad makers as well as top company honchos know where to put their money and
how. T'he rural market is no longer of hypothetical empirical value but is well researched and reached by most companies looking to tap India's vast and abundant bounty.

The Indian retail scenario is poised for a quantum leap. Not only are newer names set to dot the retail landscape but also new and emerging retail formats will drive the diversity of the fast-changing retail backdrop. Organized Retail means 'Big Stores' a common myth... nothing can be further from the truth. In its very essence, organized retailing is about "aggregating value" and what shape, size and configuration your customer facing entity takes is largely a function of your offer and proposition. A growing population, a young workforce and zooming consumer confidence will fuel the expansion of the retail sector. As organized retail in rural India awaits the arrival of known companies, current majors are expanding their retail operations by setting up more stores, entering new states and offering newer product categories. A shift from selling agri-inputs will help these stores target the non-farming segments. It is a little known fact that, while 25% of the rural population is not engaged in agriculture, it earns 50% of the rural income. The retail market is the next growth frontier for corporate India. It offers an opportunity for a large player to build a Rs. 40000 Cr retail business spanning multiple categories by 2015 (at current , prices). However, to capitalize on the opportunity, a player needs to be aggressive in his outlook and build scale quickly.

M.Choose the word/group of words which is most opposite  in meaning to the word/group of words printed in bold as used in the passage.

DIVERSITY

N. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it, Certain  words/phrases have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the question.

India, like Britain, is also a nation of shopkeepers. With over 12 million retail outlets, India has one of the highest densities of retail outlets in the world with one retail outlet for around 90 persons. Retailers inspired by the Walmart story of growth in small town America are tempted to focus on smaller towns and villages in India. However, a careful analysis of the town strata-wise population, population growth, migration trends and consumer spend analysis reveals a very different picture for India.

After a long spell of shortages, which shackled consumer buying for decades, retail is becoming India's new mantra. While the retailing industry itself has been presented through history in our country, it is only the recent past that has witnessed so much dynamism.

This is a time when the demography of our population is changing significantly to drive organized retail growth. India now has a large young working population with a median age of 24. The number of nuclear families in urban areas is growing fast. Then there is the increase in working women population. Add to these the emerging opportunities in the service sector. Lifestyle habits are shifting from austerity to complete self-indulgence and Indians are now unapologetic about spending lavishly on non-essential goods such as luxury watches, cars, and hi-tech products.

India can be said to have entered the second phase of retail growth when there is high-speed growth. There are retail chains along with global players which are trying to tap
the country's vast potential. Bringing all these under one roof are mega malls. Now, top names in international malls are also eyeing the Indian market. It is only later that the retailing scene will move to the other phases when the fruits of rapid growth will result in economies of scale and greater efficiency leading finally to consolidation through mergers and acquisitions. Thus, retailing in India has a very long haul ahead.

In India for a long time a large chunk of retail outlets were grocery shops. This pattern had beep changing in recent years, in urban and rural markets. Of late, India's largely rural population has also caught the eye of retailers looking for new areas of growth. A slew of supermarket chains are set to storm the rural areas of the country as corporates realize the huge potential of the untapped market. A well-known brand launched the country's first rural mall, offering a diverse product range from FMCG to electronic appliances to automobiles, attempting to provide farmers a one-stop destination for all of their needs. Other companies are launching 'one-stop shops' for farmers and their communities too.

As clear from the story of some of the companies already established, organized retail sector can bring a revolutionary change in rural India unless it goes for quick short-term gains. With Walmart famous for its 'Always Low Prices' coming to India, Indian farmers and rural craftsmen can hope for a better direct deal. Retailing does not benefit just the consumer. It can give huge benefits to other industries, to government, and to the entire economy.

The rural market is no longer a non-player in the retail game. It is now accounting for about one-third of the market for most durable and non-durable products. Even manufacturers are developing new products with the rural consumer in mind besides using village-oriented marketing strategies for brand promotions. Whether it is an actress promoting a chocolate or a cricketer wowing village lads with a soft drink, both ad makers as well as top company honchos know where to put their money and
how. T'he rural market is no longer of hypothetical empirical value but is well researched and reached by most companies looking to tap India's vast and abundant bounty.

The Indian retail scenario is poised for a quantum leap. Not only are newer names set to dot the retail landscape but also new and emerging retail formats will drive the diversity of the fast-changing retail backdrop. Organized Retail means 'Big Stores' a common myth... nothing can be further from the truth. In its very essence, organized retailing is about "aggregating value" and what shape, size and configuration your customer facing entity takes is largely a function of your offer and proposition. A growing population, a young workforce and zooming consumer confidence will fuel the expansion of the retail sector. As organized retail in rural India awaits the arrival of known companies, current majors are expanding their retail operations by setting up more stores, entering new states and offering newer product categories. A shift from selling agri-inputs will help these stores target the non-farming segments. It is a little known fact that, while 25% of the rural population is not engaged in agriculture, it earns 50% of the rural income. The retail market is the next growth frontier for corporate India. It offers an opportunity for a large player to build a Rs. 40000 Cr retail business spanning multiple categories by 2015 (at current , prices). However, to capitalize on the opportunity, a player needs to be aggressive in his outlook and build scale quickly.

N.Choose the word/group of words which is most opposite  in meaning to the word/group of words printed in bold as used in the passage.

UNAPOLOGETIC

O. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it, Certain  words/phrases have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the question.

India, like Britain, is also a nation of shopkeepers. With over 12 million retail outlets, India has one of the highest densities of retail outlets in the world with one retail outlet for around 90 persons. Retailers inspired by the Walmart story of growth in small town America are tempted to focus on smaller towns and villages in India. However, a careful analysis of the town strata-wise population, population growth, migration trends and consumer spend analysis reveals a very different picture for India.

After a long spell of shortages, which shackled consumer buying for decades, retail is becoming India's new mantra. While the retailing industry itself has been presented through history in our country, it is only the recent past that has witnessed so much dynamism.

This is a time when the demography of our population is changing significantly to drive organized retail growth. India now has a large young working population with a median age of 24. The number of nuclear families in urban areas is growing fast. Then there is the increase in working women population. Add to these the emerging opportunities in the service sector. Lifestyle habits are shifting from austerity to complete self-indulgence and Indians are now unapologetic about spending lavishly on non-essential goods such as luxury watches, cars, and hi-tech products.

India can be said to have entered the second phase of retail growth when there is high-speed growth. There are retail chains along with global players which are trying to tap
the country's vast potential. Bringing all these under one roof are mega malls. Now, top names in international malls are also eyeing the Indian market. It is only later that the retailing scene will move to the other phases when the fruits of rapid growth will result in economies of scale and greater efficiency leading finally to consolidation through mergers and acquisitions. Thus, retailing in India has a very long haul ahead.

In India for a long time a large chunk of retail outlets were grocery shops. This pattern had beep changing in recent years, in urban and rural markets. Of late, India's largely rural population has also caught the eye of retailers looking for new areas of growth. A slew of supermarket chains are set to storm the rural areas of the country as corporates realize the huge potential of the untapped market. A well-known brand launched the country's first rural mall, offering a diverse product range from FMCG to electronic appliances to automobiles, attempting to provide farmers a one-stop destination for all of their needs. Other companies are launching 'one-stop shops' for farmers and their communities too.

As clear from the story of some of the companies already established, organized retail sector can bring a revolutionary change in rural India unless it goes for quick short-term gains. With Walmart famous for its 'Always Low Prices' coming to India, Indian farmers and rural craftsmen can hope for a better direct deal. Retailing does not benefit just the consumer. It can give huge benefits to other industries, to government, and to the entire economy.

The rural market is no longer a non-player in the retail game. It is now accounting for about one-third of the market for most durable and non-durable products. Even manufacturers are developing new products with the rural consumer in mind besides using village-oriented marketing strategies for brand promotions. Whether it is an actress promoting a chocolate or a cricketer wowing village lads with a soft drink, both ad makers as well as top company honchos know where to put their money and
how. T'he rural market is no longer of hypothetical empirical value but is well researched and reached by most companies looking to tap India's vast and abundant bounty.

The Indian retail scenario is poised for a quantum leap. Not only are newer names set to dot the retail landscape but also new and emerging retail formats will drive the diversity of the fast-changing retail backdrop. Organized Retail means 'Big Stores' a common myth... nothing can be further from the truth. In its very essence, organized retailing is about "aggregating value" and what shape, size and configuration your customer facing entity takes is largely a function of your offer and proposition. A growing population, a young workforce and zooming consumer confidence will fuel the expansion of the retail sector. As organized retail in rural India awaits the arrival of known companies, current majors are expanding their retail operations by setting up more stores, entering new states and offering newer product categories. A shift from selling agri-inputs will help these stores target the non-farming segments. It is a little known fact that, while 25% of the rural population is not engaged in agriculture, it earns 50% of the rural income. The retail market is the next growth frontier for corporate India. It offers an opportunity for a large player to build a Rs. 40000 Cr retail business spanning multiple categories by 2015 (at current , prices). However, to capitalize on the opportunity, a player needs to be aggressive in his outlook and build scale quickly.

O.Choose the word/group of words which is most opposite  in meaning to the word/group of words printed in bold as used in the passage.

UNTAPPED